In this video Paul Andersen explains the importance of oxygen in accepting electrons. He begins with a brief description of combustion. He then explains the role of oxygen in aerobic cellular respiration.

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Music Attribution
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly

023 - Scalar Field

In this video Paul Andersen explains how scalar fields can be used to show the distribution of scalar quantities. The most important scalar fields in AP Physics 2 deal with electric potential. Scalar addition can be used to combine scalar fields.

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Music Attribution
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly

PhET Simulation: http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulatio...

In this video Paul Andersen explains how the greenhouse effect and greenhouse gases keep our planet warm enough to be habitable. He explains how greenhouse gases keep heat closer to the surface. He finally shows how increases in greenhouse gases may lead to dangerous global warming.

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The Brain: Structure and Function

In this video Paul Andersen explains the structures and functions of seventeen major parts of the brain. He begins with a quick discussion of brain evolution and ends with a review of the major parts presented inside the brainstem, cerebellum, thalamus, and cerebrum.

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Music Attribution
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly

007 - Positive and Negative Charge

In this video Paul Andersen explains how all objects contain positive and negative charge. Neutral objects contain an equal amount of positive and negative charges. Charged objects have more positive or negative charges. Like charges repel and unlike charges attract. Neutral objects can be polarized and cause attraction.

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Music Attribution
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly

In this video Paul Andersen defines Q10 as the ratio between reactions at different temperatures. He then gives you an example of how it could be calculated. He also includes extensions of other scientific phenomenon that could created varying Q10 values.

Intro Music Atribution
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound: http://www.freesound.org/people/Cosmi...
Creative Commons Atribution License

In this video Paul Andersen shows you how a cross between mutant and wild types of Sordaria fimicola can be used to show and measure frequency of crossing-over. He begins by reviewing the process of meiosis in a typical organism. He then shows how crossing-over can affect the formation of sports in the perithecium of the fungi. He discusses the importance of frequency of crossing-over in determining the distance between the gene and the centromere.

Intro Music Atribution
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound: http://www.freesound.org/people/Cosmi...
Creative Commons Atribution License

PhET Simulation

Gene Machine: The Lac Operon
http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulatio...



In this video Paul Andersen describes the elements of an operon. The promoter allows the RNA polymerase to transcribe the required genes. The operator and repressor regulate the expression of the genes by blocking the RNA polymerase. The genes for a specific task are all located in sequence so that they can all be transcribed at once. He starts be describing how the lac operon can be initiated to break down lactose. He then explains how the trp operon can be activated to create tryptophan. He ends with a simulation of the lac operon.

Intro Music Atribution
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound:&

Mr. Andersen uses chromosome beads to simulate both mitosis and meiosis. A brief discussion of gamete formation is also included.

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Intro Music Atribution
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound: 

020 - Magnetic Permeability

In this video Paul Andersen explains how the magnetic permeability is the ability of a material to form internal magnetic fields. The magnetic permeability of free space is a constant and is much lower than the magnetic permeability of magnetics.

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Music Attribution
Title: String Theory
Artist: Herman Jolly

Paul Andersen explains how populations eventually reach a carrying capacity in logistic growth. He begins with a brief discussion of population size ( N ), growth rate ( r ) and exponential growth. He then explains how density dependent limiting factors eventually decrease the growth rate until a population reaches a carrying capacity ( K ). A mathematical simulation of this process is included along with a brief discussion of r and K selected species.

Intro Music Atribution
Title: I4dsong_loop_main.wav
Artist: CosmicD
Link to sound: http://www.freesound.org/people/Cosmi...
Creative Commons Atribution License